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Zobrazeno: 3331-3360 z celkem 3536 záznamů Začátek | Předchozí | Následující | Konec Voltaire
Candide
Anotace: Candide is a French satire written by Voltaire, a philosopher of the Age of Enlightenment,[6] first published in 1759. The novella has been widely translated, with English versions titled Candide: or, All for the Best (1759); Candide: or, The Optimist (1762); and Candide: Optimism (1947). It begins with a young man, Candide, who is living a sheltered life in an Edenic paradise and being indoctrinated with Leibnizian optimism by his mentor, Professor Pangloss.. The work describes the abrupt cessation of this lifestyle, followed by Candide's slow and painful disillusionment as he witnesses and experiences great hardships in the world. Voltaire concludes Candide with, if not rejecting Leibnizian optimism outright, advocating a deeply practical precept, "we must cultivate our garden", in lieu of the Leibnizian mantra of Pangloss, "all is for the best" in the "best of all possible worlds". On My Philosophy
Anotace: In "On My Philosophy," renowned philosopher Karl Jaspers provides an introspective exploration of his philosophical perspective and intellectual journey. Principles of War
Anotace: "Not simply the greatest but the only truly great book on war," declared historian Bernard Brodie of Principles of War. Written two centuries ago by a Prussian military thinker, this is the most frequently cited, the most controversial, and in many ways, the most modern book on warfare. Author Carl von Clausewitz fought against the armies of the French Revolution and Napoleon, served as a high-ranking staff officer, and became a prominent military educator. By his day, war had become a contest of mass armies, with results decided by swift, concentrated action and superior effort. "Victory is purchased by blood," Clausewitz proclaims, stating that total victory is assured only through annihilation of the enemy's forces. Based on the author's "thought and observation, philosophy and experience," Principles of War examines the moral and psychological aspects of warfare, stressing the necessity of such qualities as courage, audacity, and self-sacrifice and the importance of morale and public opinion. Clausewitz emphasizes the notion of strategy as an evolving plan, rather than a formula, a concept that makes this work adaptable to modern strategists in fields beyond military science. Translated into virtually every major language, Principles of War is required reading in intermediate-level and senior military schools, as well as in many civilian strategic studies programs and business schools. Lives
Volume IV
Anotace: Plutarch's Lives, written at the beginning of the second century A.D., is a brilliant social history of the ancient world by one of the greatest biographers and moralists of all time. In what is by far his most famous and influential work, Plutarch reveals the character and personality of his subjects and how they led ultimately to tragedy or victory. Richly anecdotal and full of detail, Volume I contains profiles and comparisons of Romulus and Theseus, Numa and Lycurgus, Fabius and Pericles, and many more powerful figures of ancient Greece and Rome. The Confessions
Anotace: When it was first published in 1781, The Confessions scandalised Europe with its emotional honesty and frank treatment of the author's sexual and intellectual development. Since then, it has had a more profound impact on European thought. Rousseau left posterity a model of the reflective life - the solitary, uncompromising individual, the enemy of servitude and habit and the selfish egoist who dedicates his life to a particular ideal. The Confessions recreates the world in which he progressed from incompetent engraver to grand success; his enthusiasm for experience, his love of nature, and his uncompromising character make him an ideal guide to eighteenth-century Europe, and he was the author of some of the most profound work ever written on the relation between the individual and the state. Discourse on the Origin and the Foundations of Inequality Among Mankind
Anotace: Discover why Rousseau's criticisms of human nature, political hierarchy, and private property were so controversial in his time yet later hailed as a foundation of democracy in this edition of Discourse on the Origin and Foundations of Inequality among Men. Úvod do psychoanalýzy
Anotace: "Úvod do psychoanalýzy" je klíčová přednáška rakouského psychiatra a zakladatele psychoanalýzy, Sigmunda Freuda. V této přednášce Freud představuje základní principy psychoanalýzy jako vědecké metody zkoumání nevědomých mentálních procesů. Podrobně se zabývá strukturou lidské psychiky, tedy vědomím, předvědomím a nevědomím, a vysvětluje, jakým způsobem nevědomé impulsy a konflikty mohou ovlivňovat naše myšlení, chování a emoce. Freud rozebírá též klíčový pojem psychosexuálního vývoje a jeho vliv na osobnostní formování. Tato přednáška představuje významný vstupní bod do psychoanalytické teorie, která ovlivnila mnohé obory psychologie a psychoterapie a stala se jedním z nejdůležitějších psychologických přístupů 20. století. The Interpretation of Dreams
Anotace: This groundbreaking new translation of The Interpretation of Dreams is the first to be based on the original text published in November 1899. The History of the Psychoanalytic Movement
Anotace: Freud's work is intended primarily as a polemic against the competing theories in psychotherapy which opposed his psychoanalysis, for example Alfred Adler's individual psychology and Carl Jung's analytical psychology. Adler and Jung had previously been followers of Freud but objected to his emphasis on sexual matters. His main criticism of them is their insistence on still calling themselves psychoanalysts. A Philosophy of Life
Anotace: Lecture about the Philosophy of Life. Psychopathology of Everyday Life
Anotace: The most trivial slips of the tongue or pen, Freud believed, can reveal our secret ambitions, worries, and fantasies. The Psychopathology of Everyday Life ranks among his most enjoyable works. Starting with the story of how he once forgot the name of an Italian painter—and how a young acquaintance mangled a quotation from Virgil through fears that his girlfriend might be pregnant—it brings together a treasure trove of muddled memories, inadvertent actions, and verbal tangles. Chybné výkony
Anotace: "Chybné výkony" je přednáška slavného rakouského psychiatra a zakladatele psychoanalýzy, Sigmunda Freuda. V této přednášce Freud zkoumá jev chyb a lapsusů ve vědomí a jejich psychologické podstaty. Freud tvrdí, že tyto náhodné, zdánlivě bezvýznamné chyby a zapomenutí mají hlubší význam a odhalují skryté nevědomé touhy, úzkosti nebo konflikty. Analyzující různé příklady chybných výkonů, Freud ukazuje, jak lze prostřednictvím těchto drobných projevů proniknout do nitra lidské mysli a odhalit její neuvědomělé obsahy. Přednáška "Chybné výkony" poskytuje cenný vhled do Freudova přístupu k psychoanalýze a jeho teorii lidské psychiky, která měla zásadní vliv na vývoj psychologických a psychiatrických disciplín. Komentář: Přednáška jako úvod do chybných výkonů. A Young Girl's Diary
Anotace: This authentic diary, kept by a Viennese schoolgirl when she was eleven to fourteen years old, first appeared publicly in 1919. Richly expressive and emotionally moving, it intimately chronicles her passage from childhood to puberty with frankness, lucidity, and an honesty that scandalized the anonymous author's contemporaries. Trotzky's Diary in Exile
Anotace: This short text by the well-known psychologist and socialist humanist Erich Fromm (1900-1980) has never been published in any language. This review of Trotsky's Diary in Exile (1958) was found among Fromm's papers after his death. The Influence of Social Factors in Child Development
Anotace: Erich Fromm's essay "The Influence of Social Factors in Child Development" explores the significant role that societal and environmental factors play in shaping the growth and development of children. Fromm examines how cultural, familial, economic, and political contexts impact children's psychological, emotional, and cognitive development. He delves into the ways in which social norms, values, and power dynamics shape a child's sense of self, relationships, and overall well-being. Fromm emphasizes the importance of understanding the complex interplay between individual development and the larger social structures in which children are raised. Individual and Social Origins of Neurosis
Anotace: In this article, first published in American Sociological Review (Vol. IX, No. 4, August 1944) Fromm for the first time speaks of “culturally patterned defects” to be distinguished from “individual neurosis” and of “the pathology of normalcy”. Character and Social Process
Anotace: Erich Fromm (1900–1980) analyzes the relationship between an individual and a society throughout his works in an attempt to understand how a society influences its individuals and vice versa, how individuals form a society. In his attempt to understand the processes through which ideologies are created and absorbed by groups of people, Fromm formulates a social psychological position based on a unique combination of Sigmund Freud’s and Karl Marx’s thinking. Fromm’s firm belief is that Marxism needs a psychological theory, and psychoanalysis needs to adopt Marxist insights. From this original mixture, he posits the concept of social character, which is widely agreed to be Fromm’s single most important idea. Fromm’s social character is “the core of the character common to most members of a culture, in contradistinction to the individual character, in which people belonging to the same culture differ from. Human Nature and Social Theory
Anotace: The following letter Erich Fromm wrote in 1969 to the Russian philosopher Vladimir Dobrenkov is a most impressive document of how deeply he was interested in getting contact with socialist thinkers and to discuss with them his reception of Marx and his understanding of socialism. Dobrenkov intended to write a book on Fromm and therefore started a correspondence with Fromm. Fromm tried to clarify many topics Dobrenkov misunderstood by presenting Fromm’s ideas. But actually one cannot say that Fromm’s clarifications showed much effect on Dobrenkov’s book Neo-Freudians in Search of Truth, published in many languages in the seventies (Moskau: Progress Publishers). Nevertheless, this letter is a convincing summary of Fromm’s concept of man and society and will be welcomed by all who are interested in Fromm’s understanding of human nature as well as his social theory and his reception of Marx. Three Text Edition of Thomas Hobbes's Political Theory
The Elements of Law, De Cive and Leviathan
Anotace: Deborah Baumgold's Three-Text Edition of Thomas Hobbes's Political Theory is an indispensable resource for scholars of Thomas Hobbes, arguably the greatest political philosopher to write in English. By arranging the three texts side by side, this volume highlights substantive parallels between the texts and offers readers an enhanced understanding of Hobbes's political theory. Niccolo Machiavelli
History of Florence and of the Affairs of Italy
Anotace: History of Florence and of the Affairs of Italy is an historical account by Niccolò Machiavelli. Toward the end of 1520, the Cardinal Giulio of Medici, later Pope Clement VII, offered Machiavelli the appointment to write a history of Florence. Although Machiavelli was reluctant to accept, accepting was his only way to regain the good graces of the Medici who had regained power and were in a position to offer him employment and protection. Doing the history also provided a way for Machiavelli’s views to become the “official” history of Florentine and Italian affairs. Once completed, the work was presented officially to Giulio, now Pope, in May of 1526. Jiří Štefan, Jiří Hladík, Tomáš Adámek
Soudní lékařství a zdravotnicko-právní otázky
Anotace: "Soudní lékařství a zdravotnicko-právní otázky" je kniha napsaná společným úsilím Jiřího Štefana, Jiřího Hladíka a Tomáše Adámka. Tato kniha se zabývá důležitými aspekty spojenými se soudním lékařstvím a zdravotnicko-právními otázkami, které se týkají právního a lékařského prostředí. Autoři prozkoumávají komplexní interakce mezi zdravotnickým sektorem a právním systémem, včetně problematiky soudního rozhodování ve zdravotních případech, zdravotnické etiky a regulace lékařské praxe. Kniha zahrnuje různá témata, jako jsou expertní posudky, forenzní vědy, právní odpovědnost zdravotníků a další relevantní oblasti. Tato práce slouží jako užitečný průvodce pro ty, kteří se zajímají o propojení mezi lékařstvím a právem, a nabízí hlubší pochopení klíčových aspektů soudního lékařství a zdravotnického práva. Niccolo Machiavelli
Discourses on the First Decade of Titus Livius
Anotace: The Discourses on Livy (Italian: Discorsi sopra la prima deca di Tito Livio, literally "Discourses on the First Decade of Titus Livy") is a work of political history and philosophy written in the early 16th century (ca. 1517) by the Italian writer and political theorist Niccolò Machiavelli, best known as the author of The Prince. Where the latter is nominally devoted to advising the ruler of a principality, in other words a type of monarchy, the Discourses purport to explain the structure and benefits of a republic, a form of government based on some level of popular consent and control. Teorie práva
Anotace: Díky své koncepci se tato publikace podstatně odlišuje od všech tematicky příbuzných prací, které byly v posledních padesáti letech vydány. V úvodu čtenář nalezne stručný přehled historie filosofických koncepcí práva, na který navazuje pojednání právnické filosofické antropologie. Autor se postupně zabývá problematikou vztahu práva a člověka, podstatou práva, podává přehled právní geografie a stručný přehled základních problémů právní informatiky. Hugo Grotius
The Freedom of the Seas
Anotace: Mare Liberum (or The Freedom of the Seas) is a book in Latin on international law written by the Dutch jurist and philosopher Hugo Grotius, first published in 1609. In The Free Sea, Grotius formulated the new principle that the sea was international territory and all nations were free to use it for seafaring trade. The disputation was directed towards the Portuguese Mare clausum policy and their claim of monopoly on the East Indian Trade. Grotius wrote the treatise while being a counsel to the Dutch East India Company over the seizing of the Santa Catarina Portuguese carrack issue. The work was assigned to Grotius by the Zeeland Chamber of the Dutch East India Company in 1608. Hugo Grotius
On the Law of War and Peace
Anotace: One of the classic works of Western legal and political thought kolektiv
Život svatého Václava
Anotace: Život svatého Václava je raně středověký text známý též jako První staroslověnská legenda o svatém Václavu. Text ve formě politického a historického vyprávění pochází z poloviny 10. století a jeho cílem byla oslava knížete Václava, po jehož smrti Život zřejmě nedlouho vznikl. Utilitarianism
Anotace: British philosopher John Stuart Mill approached ethical theory with a scientist's eye in his contributions to utilitarianism. Building upon the premise set forth by Jeremy Bentham, Mill subjected his own work to the scientific method and deep, incisive inquiry. Mill formulated utilitarianism on the "greatest-happiness principle." Under this principle, it is ethical only to act in such a way that will deliver the greatest amount of happiness to the greatest amount of people. The work outlines how Mill defines and orders higher and lower forms of happiness as well as stressing the importance of holding an objective perspective when determining the ethical status of an event. A must-read for anyone with an interest in ethical inquiry. Cassiodorus
The Letters of Cassiodorus
Anotace: Collection of official correspondences written during his tenure as a high-ranking official in the Ostrogothic Kingdom of Italy in the 6th century. The letters offer a rich insight into the administration, politics, and culture of the time, as well as Cassiodorus' intellectual and religious concerns. The work serves as a valuable historical source, shedding light on the complexities of governance, the interactions between Roman and Gothic traditions, and the challenges of maintaining stability in a period of transition. Through these letters, Cassiodorus also reflects his commitment to preserving Roman cultural heritage and his efforts to integrate it with the ruling Gothic elite. This collection is essential for understanding the dynamics of power and cultural exchange in early medieval Europe. The Subjection of Women
Anotace: The Subjection of Women is an essay by English philosopher, political economist and civil servant John Stuart Mill published in 1869, with ideas he developed jointly with his wife Harriet Taylor Mill. Mill submitted the finished manuscript of their collaborative work On Liberty (1859) soon after her untimely death in late 1858, and then continued work on The Subjection of Women until its completion in 1861. At the time of its publication, the essay's argument for equality between the sexes was an affront to European conventional norms regarding the status of men and women. Representative Government
Anotace: John Stuart Mill's essay "Representative Government" is a seminal work in political philosophy, where he explores the principles and advantages of democratic governance through representative institutions. Mill delves into the nature of representative democracy, its benefits, and potential pitfalls. He argues in favor of individual liberties and the need for limits on the power of the majority to prevent tyranny over minority interests. Mill discusses the importance of educated citizens, deliberative debate, and the value of dissent in maintaining a healthy democracy. Zobrazeno: 3331-3360 z celkem 3536 záznamů Začátek | Předchozí | Následující | Konec
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